Originally published in Body Sense magazine, Autumn/Winter 2010.Copyright 2010. Associated Bodywork and Massage Professionals. All rights reserved.
Noted physician Andrew Weil, MD, author of
Why Our Health Matters: A Vision of Medicine that Can Transform Our Future (Hudson Street Press, 2009) and a longtime proponent of integrative medicine, had a chance to sit down with
Body Sense magazine to discuss the science behind massage and other effective complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments.
Loolwa Khazzoom: What do you see as the benefits of massage?
Andrew Weil:
Whether a massage therapist focuses on your feet, hands, scalp, or
entire body, massage can be both wonderfully relaxing and clinically
effective. It is also one of the CAM therapies most readily accepted by
conventional medical doctors and hospital administrators.
Research demonstrates that massage therapy can offer a variety of
healthful benefits, especially for people with significant stress or
anxiety, strained muscles, or osteoarthritis. Massage therapy can
enhance immune function, increase circulation while reducing heart rate
and blood pressure, boost levels of endorphins and serotonin (the body's
natural painkillers and mood regulators), and reduce stress hormone
levels, all while easing sore and achy muscles.
If you have problems with tension headaches, back or neck pain, sports
injuries, arthritis, or fibromyalgia, experiment with massage as an
enjoyable way to help reduce or even eliminate associated pain.
Mothers-to-be can reduce stress levels and pain associated with labor,
preemies may gain weight faster, and children with asthma may breathe
easier when massaged. Studies also suggest that massage therapy can help
prevent or manage some side effects and complications commonly
experienced by people with cancer, both during and after treatment.
Anyone with open wounds should wait until they are healed to receive
bodywork, and deep-tissue work should be considered cautiously by people
on blood thinning medication (warfarin, for example) and anyone
recovering from surgery. Other than that, work with a licensed massage
therapist to ensure you get the most out of your session. Many forms of
massage therapy are available. It pays to ask massage therapists what
types of therapy they have studied and whether their skill sets are a
good match for your needs.
LK: What are some common ailments you have seen treated effectively through other CAM methods?
AW:
First of all, in treating autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, I have
seen great success using an anti-inflammatory diet. I also recommend
the use of herbal medication (especially things like ginger and
turmeric), mind-body methods (everything from guided imagery to stress
reduction), lifestyle counseling, different forms of exercise, and
sometimes the use of Chinese medicine.
For depression, I think there are a huge range of approaches that are
very effective, from aerobic exercise to high-dose fish oil, and various
dietary supplements. I find the anxiety-reducing breathing exercise
that I teach to be more effective than the standard pharmaceutical
drugs.
LK:
How is it that all these methods are effective? People generally expect
to have to do something high-tech to respond to something that's gone
awry in their bodies.
AW:
I think this is the key question of what's wrong with American health
care. It has us all dependent on high-tech solutions that are expensive.
I think these low-tech methods work because the body has an innate
healing capacity, and there are many ways of accessing it. I think that
people, in this culture especially, have little confidence in their
body's ability to restore health.
Many of these methods have very sensible mechanisms behind them.
High-dose fish oil affects brain chemistry; there's a lot of research on
that. With breathing exercises for anxiety, there is a logical
mechanism--breath affects the involuntary nervous system.
There is very little research on the impact of breath work, because it
is something that is just not taken seriously by the research community,
probably because it is so simple. I have worked for years to try and
get studies going on it. The lack of interest in this kind of stuff is
remarkable.
LK: What is the backstory on scientific studies of massage?
AW:
Unlike pharmaceuticals, which can be manufactured to small tolerances,
dosed by weight, and compared to placebos, bodywork is less consistent
and often better tailored to an individual's needs. Massage therapy,
nonetheless, has been studied and scientifically proven to be effective
for reducing pain, fatigue, anxiety, and stress in patients with a wide
range of medical problems, and to relieve a variety of symptoms in
people with specific illnesses. In addition, the number of sound
research trials into the potential benefits of massage therapy has grown
significantly in recent years. Still, funding remains an issue. As is
the case with any CAM therapy, funding will never be as accessible for
research into massage therapy as it is for drug company studies.
A strong body of research that defines the clinical effectiveness of,
and indications for, massage therapy will help promote greater
acceptance of the approach and perhaps lead to wider coverage by
insurance companies. I would like to see more studies comparing the
effects of massage therapy to pharmaceutical agents for the relief of
pain and anxiety, as well as cost-benefit analyses of the preventive
effects of regular massage. Further investigation into the underlying
mechanisms behind the benefits of massage should be encouraged as well.
LK: What do you tell people who insist on having hard scientific data before trying something from the CAM toolbox?
AW:
There is a lot of science out there. It is just often published in
places that most doctors don't look. I think the first thing is to see
what evidence there is. Second, we should get into the habit of using a
sliding scale of evidence, which works like this: the greater the
potential of a treatment to cause harm, the stricter the standards of
evidence it should be held to for efficacy. In the case of something
like a breathing technique, the potential for harm is so low that I feel
quite comfortable recommending it, in the absence of hard scientific
evidence of its efficacy. I know it works, because I use it myself, and I
use it widely on patients. It's not going to hurt people.
LK: I keep encountering a disbelief that simple things can actually work.
AW:
There is a prejudice. People wonder how it possibly could work, being
that it doesn't involve a drug, and it doesn't involve a device. That,
to me, is the big problem in this area. I think that the answer is
education about the body's remarkable capacity for self-maintenance and
healing and about the value of knowing and using these low-tech
solutions before going to complex, expensive ones.
If low-tech methods don't work, then sure, you go to stronger methods.
Or if you're dealing with an emergency, then you use more drastic
methods. But for the vast majority of conditions out there, there are
inexpensive, low-tech, simple methods that people ought to know about.
LK: Do you see attitudes toward massage changing in the world of conventional medicine?
AW:
The United States lags behind many other countries where massage is
considered a trusted effective medical intervention. But surveys show it
is one of the most popular forms of alternative medicine in North
America and is increasingly incorporated into the services offered by
hospitals and medical clinics. As more people, including doctors,
experience its benefits and appreciate the healing power of appropriate
human touch, I am confident that massage therapy will soon be offered
within most cancer centers and readily available to at least expectant
mothers and hospitalized children. Of course, additional sound research
will help drive the inclusion of massage in the conventional medicine
armamentarium.
LK:
If there is an absence of hardcore scientific evidence proving that a
given CAM treatment works, how can a person who is not that educated in
CAM distinguish between what is medically sound and what is not?
AW:
This is the whole point of the integrative medicine that I teach. We
have now graduated over 500 physicians from intensive training in the
program in integrative medicine at the University of Arizona College of
Medicine. The training enables them to make those distinctions and teach
their patients to do the same. Ideally, you find a trained health-care
professional, preferably a physician or a nurse practitioner, who has
this kind of training, who can advise you. Our website gives a directory
of all our graduates.
On a related note, if pharmacists were trained in the use of vitamins,
minerals, herbs, and other dietary supplements, they would be the best
people to advise both patients and doctors about the uses of CAM and its
interactions with pharmaceutical drugs. It's really a matter of getting
trained people out there.
LK: What are three safe and relatively easy ways people can try out CAM at home?
AW:
Learn the basics of good nutrition and how diet affects health. The
simplest rule is to try and get rid of refined products and manufactured
foods. They may be what is causing all the trouble. It's also a good
idea to have a home medicine chest with simple remedies. There are about
half a dozen herbal treatments that are very useful--like Valerian for
sleep and peppermint for stomach upsets. Lastly, have some kind of
relaxation technique to practice. My favorite is simple breathing
methods, because they are so time-efficient.
LK: Is there anything you would like to add about getting professional massage treatments?
AW:
Keep in mind that massage therapy typically provides short-term relief
of symptoms and that the benefits of massage accrue over time. To
experience the greatest benefit, try to schedule sessions at regular
intervals and treat them as you would any important business
appointment: non-cancellable.
Loolwa Khazzoom (www.loolwa.com)
is a health and wellness coach, journalist, and media strategist who
developed a dance method to heal from chronic and debilitating pain. Her
company, Dancing with Pain (www.dancingwithpain.com), offers a full line of natural pain relief products and services.